Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship: Navigating Side Effects and Embracing Lymphedema Management

Surviving head and neck cancer is a testament to resilience and strength. However, for many survivors, the journey doesn’t end after treatment. The side effects of therapies like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can significantly impact quality of life. One of the most common and often under-discussed side effects is lymphedema. Understanding and managing these challenges can empower survivors to reclaim their lives.

Common Side Effects of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

The treatments for head and neck cancer are highly effective but can leave lasting effects. Common side effects include:

• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Radiation and surgery can affect the muscles and nerves involved in swallowing, leading to discomfort or choking when eating or drinking.
• Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Radiation often damages salivary glands, causing a persistent dry mouth that affects speech, eating, and oral health.
• Pain and Stiffness: Scar tissue and muscle tightness can lead to discomfort and restricted movement, particularly in the neck and jaw.
• Fatigue: Cancer treatment can cause chronic fatigue, making daily activities challenging.
• Lymphedema: The buildup of lymphatic fluid in the head, neck, and face is a common yet underdiagnosed issue. It can lead to swelling, discomfort, and reduced mobility. Often lymphedema occurs internally within the structures of the throat prior to presenting externally.

What Is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged or blocked, often due to surgery or radiation. In head and neck cancer survivors, this swelling can appear within the internal structures of the throat, around the neck, under the chin, and in the face. Left untreated, lymphedema can lead to:

• Pain and discomfort
• Skin changes and infections
• Limited movement
• Fatigue: Cancer treatment can cause chronic fatigue, making daily activities challenging.
• Emotional distress and reduced self-esteem

Lymphedema affects a significant portion of head and neck cancer survivors. Studies estimate that upwards of 90% of survivors experience some form of lymphedema, whether externally visible or internal¹. Despite its prevalence, lymphedema often goes underdiagnosed and untreated, underscoring the need for increased awareness and proactive management.

Lymphedema Management: A Vital Aspect of Survivorship Care

Managing lymphedema effectively can improve both physical and emotional well-being. Key components of lymphedema care include:

• Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD): A specialized form of massage that encourages the flow of lymphatic fluid.
• Compression Therapy: The use of garments or devices to reduce swelling.
• Exercise: Gentle exercises tailored to improve lymphatic flow without straining the body.
• Skin Care: Maintaining healthy skin to prevent infections.

Being evaluated by a speech and language pathologist, as well as a certified lymphedema therapist, is important for proper assessment and instruction for best management.

The Role of the Flexitouch® Plus Pneumatic Compression Device

Among the tools available for lymphedema management, the Flexitouch Plus pneumatic compression device has emerged as a game changer. This advanced device delivers targeted, automated therapy to help reduce swelling and improve lymphatic flow². Here are some of its benefits:

• Effective Swelling Reduction: The gentle, rhythmic compression mimics the effects of MLD, reducing swelling and discomfort.
• Ease of Use: Designed for home use, the Flexitouch Plus empowers survivors to manage their lymphedema independently.
• Timesaving: Each session is efficient, allowing survivors to incorporate therapy into their daily routines.
• Improved Quality of Life: Regular use can enhance mobility, reduce pain, and restore confidence³.

Building a Comprehensive Survivorship Plan

Lymphedema management should be part of a broader survivorship care plan that addresses physical, emotional, and social well-being. Survivors should:

• Work with Specialists: Collaborate with oncologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech and language pathologists, and lymphedema specialists.
• Prioritize Nutrition: Eat a balanced diet to support healing and overall health.
• Seek Emotional Support: Join support groups or seek counseling to navigate the psychological impact of cancer and its aftermath.
• Stay Informed: Keep learning about new tools and techniques for managing side effects.

Moving Forward

While the road to recovery after head and neck cancer can be challenging, survivors have access to a growing range of resources and therapies to help them thrive. Addressing side effects like lymphedema with tools like the Flexitouch Plus pneumatic compression device can make a significant difference. By embracing comprehensive survivorship care, survivors can lead fulfilling, empowered lives beyond cancer.

References:
1. Ridner et al Lymphat Res Biol 2016. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0001
2. Gutierrez et al Otolaryng Head Neck 2019. doi: 10.1177/0194599818823180
3. Gutiérrez et al Head Neck 2020. doi: 10.1002/hed.26110