Swelling After Head and Neck Cancer Treatments

Approximately 90% of head and neck cancer survivors develop lymphedema, a chronic condition that causes swelling.

Why is lymphedema so common after head and neck cancer?

Your lymphatic system is part of your immune system. More than one-third of your lymph nodes are located in your head and neck. During cancer treatment, lymph nodes, vessels, and capillaries may be removed or damaged.

This damage can cause lymphedema, which is when fluid builds up in the tissues just under your skin instead of draining into your lymphatic system and causes swelling. If your condition developed as a result of head and neck cancer treatment, your swelling may be internal, rather than externally visible, or you may have a combination of internal and external lymphedema.

Because lymphedema is chronic and can become worse over time, early diagnosis is critical. If you are a head or neck cancer survivor and experience any of the following warning signs, talk to your doctor right away about lymphedema.

What are the warning signs?

Symptoms of lymphedema after head and neck cancer may include, but are not limited to:

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Reduced range of motion in your neck, shoulders, or arms
• Vocal changes or difficulty speaking
• Pain discomfort or tightness in the head or neck region
• A feeling of tightness internally or externally

What treatments are available?

Once lymphedema is diagnosed, it can often be managed successfully in a couple of ways: through in-office lymphatic drainage massage sessions or at home using a prescribed pneumatic compression device, or PCD. A PCD is an adjustable garment you place over your head and upper body. A small pump produces mechanical pressure that provides a gentle massage to the affected areas. Because managing swelling requires regular or daily therapy, many patients find PCDs easier and more convenient than in-office treatments.

Regardless of the treatment plan your doctor recommends, your commitment to following it can make a big difference in your comfort and quality of life.